Top 50 Biology MCQs for ANM/GNM, JENPAS-UG and Nursing Entrance Exams

Biology is one of the most important scoring subjects for ANM/GNM, JENPAS-UG and other nursing entrance examinations. Questions are commonly asked from Human Anatomy, Physiology, Cell Biology, Genetics, Nutrition, Diseases, Reproduction, Plant Biology and basic Microbiology.

For nursing aspirants, Human Biology deserves particular attention because topics such as the heart, blood, kidney, respiratory system, nervous system, hormones, digestion, vitamins and diseases are repeatedly tested.

Below are 50 important Biology MCQs with answers and short explanations for nursing entrance preparation.

Top 50 Biology MCQs

1. What is the structural and functional unit of life?

A. Tissue B. Cell C. Organ D. Nucleus

Correct Answer: B. Cell

Explanation: The cell is considered the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

1. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

A. Ribosome B. Golgi apparatus C. Mitochondrion D. Lysosome

Correct Answer: C. Mitochondrion

Explanation: Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration and supply energy to the cell.

1. Which organelle is mainly responsible for protein synthesis?

A. Ribosome B. Lysosome C. Vacuole D. Centriole

Correct Answer: A. Ribosome

Explanation: Ribosomes translate genetic information into proteins.

1. The control centre of a eukaryotic cell is:

A. Cytoplasm B. Nucleus C. Cell membrane D. Mitochondrion

Correct Answer: B. Nucleus

Explanation: The nucleus contains DNA and regulates many cellular activities.

1. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste?

A. Ribosome B. Lysosome C. Nucleolus D. Centrosome

Correct Answer: B. Lysosome

Explanation: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest damaged organelles and cellular waste.

Human Blood and Circulation 6. Which blood cells carry oxygen?

A. WBCs B. RBCs C. Platelets D. Lymphocytes

Correct Answer: B. RBCs

Explanation: Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen.

1. Haemoglobin contains which mineral?

A. Calcium B. Iron C. Sodium D. Iodine

Correct Answer: B. Iron

Explanation: Iron forms an important part of the haem group of haemoglobin.

1. Which blood component mainly helps in clotting?

A. Plasma B. Platelets C. RBCs D. Neutrophils

Correct Answer: B. Platelets

Explanation: Platelets form the initial platelet plug and help initiate blood clotting.

1. Which blood cells protect the body against infection?

A. RBCs B. WBCs C. Platelets D. Erythrocytes

Correct Answer: B. WBCs

Explanation: White blood cells are important components of the immune system.

1. Which chamber of the heart has the thickest muscular wall?

A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Right ventricle D. Left ventricle

Correct Answer: D. Left ventricle

Explanation: The left ventricle pumps blood throughout the systemic circulation and therefore requires the strongest muscular wall.

1. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

A. Pulmonary artery B. Pulmonary vein C. Aorta D. Vena cava

Correct Answer: B. Pulmonary vein

Explanation: Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

1. Which artery carries deoxygenated blood?

A. Aorta B. Renal artery C. Pulmonary artery D. Coronary artery

Correct Answer: C. Pulmonary artery

Explanation: The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

1. The natural pacemaker of the human heart is:

A. AV node B. SA node C. Purkinje fibres D. Bundle of His

Correct Answer: B. SA node

Explanation: The sinoatrial node normally initiates the electrical impulses that regulate heart rhythm.

Respiratory System 14. Gas exchange in the lungs takes place mainly in:

A. Bronchi B. Trachea C. Alveoli D. Larynx

Correct Answer: C. Alveoli

Explanation: Alveoli provide a large, thin surface for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

1. Which structure prevents food from entering the windpipe?

A. Uvula B. Epiglottis C. Bronchus D. Diaphragm

Correct Answer: B. Epiglottis

Explanation: During swallowing, the epiglottis helps cover the opening of the airway.

1. Which muscle plays a major role in normal breathing?

A. Biceps B. Diaphragm C. Triceps D. Deltoid

Correct Answer: B. Diaphragm

Explanation: Contraction of the diaphragm increases thoracic volume and helps draw air into the lungs.

Digestive System 17. Digestion of starch begins in the:

A. Stomach B. Mouth C. Small intestine D. Large intestine

Correct Answer: B. Mouth

Explanation: Salivary amylase starts the digestion of starch in the oral cavity.

1. Which enzyme is present in saliva?

A. Pepsin B. Trypsin C. Salivary amylase D. Lipase only

Correct Answer: C. Salivary amylase

Explanation: Salivary amylase begins carbohydrate digestion.

1. Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the:

A. Mouth B. Stomach C. Pancreas D. Large intestine

Correct Answer: B. Stomach

Explanation: Gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid, which creates an acidic environment for digestion.

1. Most absorption of digested nutrients occurs in the:

A. Oesophagus B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Large intestine

Correct Answer: C. Small intestine

Explanation: Villi and microvilli in the small intestine greatly increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.

1. Bile is produced by the:

A. Pancreas B. Liver C. Gall bladder D. Stomach

Correct Answer: B. Liver

Explanation: The liver produces bile, which is stored and concentrated in the gall bladder.

1. The main role of bile in digestion is to help:

A. Digest proteins directly B. Emulsify fats C. Digest starch D. Absorb oxygen

Correct Answer: B. Emulsify fats

Explanation: Bile breaks large fat globules into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for lipase action.

Excretory System 23. Which organs mainly remove nitrogenous waste from the blood?

A. Lungs B. Kidneys C. Heart D. Stomach

Correct Answer: B. Kidneys

Explanation: Kidneys filter the blood and remove wastes in the form of urine.

1. What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A. Neuron B. Nephron C. Alveolus D. Villus

Correct Answer: B. Nephron

Explanation: Each nephron performs filtration, reabsorption and secretion during urine formation.

1. Filtration of blood in a nephron begins mainly in the:

A. Loop of Henle B. Glomerulus C. Collecting duct D. Ureter

Correct Answer: B. Glomerulus

Explanation: Blood pressure forces water and small solutes from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule.

Nervous System and Sense Organs 26. The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is:

A. Nephron B. Neuron C. Osteon D. Alveolus

Correct Answer: B. Neuron

Explanation: Neurons receive and transmit nerve impulses.

1. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Medulla D. Hypothalamus

Correct Answer: B. Cerebellum

Explanation: The cerebellum coordinates movement, posture and balance.

1. Which part of the brain controls many involuntary activities such as breathing and heart rate?

A. Cerebrum B. Medulla oblongata C. Cerebellum D. Corpus callosum

Correct Answer: B. Medulla oblongata

Explanation: The medulla contains centres that regulate vital involuntary functions.

1. Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering?

A. Retina B. Iris C. Cornea D. Optic nerve

Correct Answer: B. Iris

Explanation: The iris changes pupil size and thereby regulates the amount of incoming light.

1. The image in the human eye is formed on the:

A. Cornea B. Iris C. Retina D. Sclera

Correct Answer: C. Retina

Explanation: The eye lens focuses light onto the retina, where photoreceptors detect it.

Endocrine System and Hormones 31. Which hormone lowers blood glucose level?

A. Adrenaline B. Insulin C. Thyroxine D. Glucagon

Correct Answer: B. Insulin

Explanation: Insulin promotes glucose uptake and storage, thereby lowering blood glucose.

1. Which hormone increases blood glucose during emergencies?

A. Insulin B. Adrenaline C. Estrogen D. Prolactin

Correct Answer: B. Adrenaline

Explanation: Adrenaline helps mobilise stored energy during the fight-or-flight response.

1. Thyroxine is secreted by which gland?

A. Pituitary B. Thyroid C. Pancreas D. Adrenal

Correct Answer: B. Thyroid

Explanation: Thyroxine helps regulate metabolism and growth.

1. Which gland is commonly called the master gland?

A. Thyroid B. Pituitary C. Adrenal D. Pancreas

Correct Answer: B. Pituitary

Explanation: The pituitary releases hormones that regulate several other endocrine glands.

Vitamins, Nutrition and Deficiency Diseases 35. Deficiency of Vitamin A can cause:

A. Scurvy B. Night blindness C. Beriberi D. Rickets

Correct Answer: B. Night blindness

Explanation: Vitamin A is necessary for normal visual pigment formation and vision in dim light.

1. Vitamin B1 deficiency causes:

A. Beriberi B. Scurvy C. Goitre D. Rickets

Correct Answer: A. Beriberi

Explanation: Vitamin B1, or thiamine, is important for carbohydrate metabolism and normal nerve function.

1. Vitamin C deficiency causes:

A. Beriberi B. Scurvy C. Pellagra D. Rickets

Correct Answer: B. Scurvy

Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency may lead to bleeding gums, poor wound healing and connective-tissue problems.

1. Vitamin D deficiency in children causes:

A. Rickets B. Goitre C. Anaemia D. Scurvy

Correct Answer: A. Rickets

Explanation: Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and normal bone mineralisation.

1. Which vitamin is essential for normal blood clotting?

A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin K C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D

Correct Answer: B. Vitamin K

Explanation: Vitamin K is needed for the production of several clotting factors.

1. Iodine deficiency can cause:

A. Goitre B. Anaemia C. Rickets D. Scurvy

Correct Answer: A. Goitre

Explanation: Iodine is needed to produce thyroid hormones. Deficiency can enlarge the thyroid gland.

Reproductive Biology and Genetics 41. Fertilisation in humans usually occurs in the:

A. Uterus B. Fallopian tube C. Ovary D. Vagina

Correct Answer: B. Fallopian tube

Explanation: Fertilisation normally occurs in the ampullary region of the fallopian tube.

1. The male reproductive cell is called:

A. Ovum B. Sperm C. Zygote D. Embryo

Correct Answer: B. Sperm

Explanation: Sperm is the male gamete.

1. The female reproductive cell is called:

A. Sperm B. Ovum C. Zygote D. Placenta

Correct Answer: B. Ovum

Explanation: The ovum or egg cell is the female gamete.

1. The fusion of male and female gametes forms a:

A. Placenta B. Zygote C. Foetus D. Ovary

Correct Answer: B. Zygote

Explanation: Fertilisation produces a diploid zygote.

1. The basic unit of heredity is:

A. Cell B. Gene C. Tissue D. Ribosome

Correct Answer: B. Gene

Explanation: Genes are DNA sequences that carry hereditary information.

1. DNA stands for:

A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid B. Double Nitrogen Acid C. Deoxygenated Nuclear Acid D. Dynamic Nucleic Acid

Correct Answer: A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Explanation: DNA stores most of the hereditary information in cells.

Plant Biology and Microbiology 47. Photosynthesis mainly occurs in:

A. Mitochondria B. Chloroplasts C. Ribosomes D. Nucleus

Correct Answer: B. Chloroplasts

Explanation: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the major site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

1. Which pigment gives green plants their characteristic colour?

A. Melanin B. Chlorophyll C. Haemoglobin D. Keratin

Correct Answer: B. Chlorophyll

Explanation: Chlorophyll absorbs light energy for photosynthesis and reflects green wavelengths.

1. Which structures mainly absorb water and minerals from the soil?

A. Leaves B. Root hairs C. Flowers D. Fruits

Correct Answer: B. Root hairs

Explanation: Root hairs provide a large surface area for absorption of water and mineral ions.

1. Which microorganism causes tuberculosis?

A. Vibrio cholerae B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis C. Plasmodium D. Salmonella Typhi

Correct Answer: B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Explanation: Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Quick Answer Key Q. Ans. Q. Ans. 1 B 26 B 2 C 27 B 3 A 28 B 4 B 29 B 5 B 30 C 6 B 31 B 7 B 32 B 8 B 33 B 9 B 34 B 10 D 35 B 11 B 36 A 12 C 37 B 13 B 38 A 14 C 39 B 15 B 40 A 16 B 41 B 17 B 42 B 18 C 43 B 19 B 44 B 20 C 45 B 21 B 46 A 22 B 47 B 23 B 48 B 24 B 49 B 25 B 50 B Topic-Wise Distribution

These 50 MCQs cover some of the highest-value Biology topics for nursing entrance exams.

Cell Biology

Questions 1–5

Blood and Circulation

Questions 6–13

Respiratory System

Questions 14–16

Digestive System

Questions 17–22

Excretory System

Questions 23–25

Nervous System and Sense Organs

Questions 26–30

Endocrine System

Questions 31–34

Vitamins and Nutrition

Questions 35–40

Reproduction and Genetics

Questions 41–46

Plant Biology and Microbiology

Questions 47–50

Most Important Biology Topics for ANM/GNM

ANM/GNM aspirants should give special attention to:

Cell and cell organelles Human blood Heart and circulation Respiratory system Digestive system Excretory system Nervous system Endocrine glands Vitamins and deficiency diseases Nutrition Human reproduction Communicable diseases Immunity Plant physiology.

Human Physiology should be revised repeatedly because many entrance questions are based on basic organ functions.

Important Biology Topics for JENPAS-UG

JENPAS-UG aspirants should develop a broader Biology base, especially in:

Cell Biology Biomolecules Human Physiology Genetics Reproduction Plant Physiology Ecology Evolution Biotechnology Microbiology Health and disease.

Candidates should study according to the syllabus prescribed for their applicable examination cycle and use MCQ practice to identify weak chapters.

Why Biology Is Important for Nursing Entrance Exams

Nursing is fundamentally linked to human health and physiology.

Understanding Biology helps students later understand subjects such as:

Anatomy Physiology Pathology Microbiology Pharmacology Nutrition Medical-Surgical Nursing.

For entrance exams, this makes basic Biology not only a scoring section but also useful preparation for future nursing studies.

How to Prepare Biology for ANM/GNM and JENPAS-UG

1. Understand the Concept Before Memorising

For example:

Instead of memorising only:

Nephron = Functional unit of kidney

also understand:

Glomerulus → filtration Renal tubule → reabsorption and secretion Collecting duct → final urine concentration

One concept can then solve multiple MCQs.

1. Make One-Line Revision Notes

Convert chapters into quick-revision facts.

Examples:

SA Node → Natural pacemaker of heart

Alveoli → Site of pulmonary gas exchange

Insulin → Lowers blood glucose

Cerebellum → Balance and coordination

Vitamin C deficiency → Scurvy

This method is extremely useful before mock tests.

1. Practise 30–50 MCQs Every Day

A practical Biology routine can include:

20 Human Physiology MCQs 10 Cell/Genetics MCQs 10 Plant Biology MCQs 10 Disease/Nutrition MCQs

Then review every wrong answer.

1. Maintain a “Wrong Answer Notebook”

Do not just check the correct answer and move on.

Write:

Question Your wrong answer Correct answer One-line reason

For example:

Wrong: Pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood Correct: Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Repeated revision of mistakes dramatically improves accuracy.

1. Use Diagrams for Anatomy

Human Biology is much easier when studied visually.

Practise labelled diagrams of:

Heart Kidney and nephron Human digestive system Respiratory system Brain Eye Male reproductive system Female reproductive system Plant cell Animal cell.

Entrance questions may ask functions even when they do not directly show a diagram.

1. Focus on “Difference Between” Topics

Many Biology MCQs come from confusing pairs.

Examples:

Artery vs Vein RBC vs WBC Insulin vs Glucagon Cerebrum vs Cerebellum Mitosis vs Meiosis Xylem vs Phloem Vitamin A vs Vitamin D deficiency Pulmonary artery vs Pulmonary vein

Create comparison tables for these topics.

1. Revise Vitamins and Diseases Regularly

These are easy marks if memorised correctly.

Nutrient Deficiency/Association Vitamin A Night blindness Vitamin B1 Beriberi Vitamin C Scurvy Vitamin D Rickets Vitamin K Clotting function Iron Iron-deficiency anaemia Iodine Goitre

These one-line facts are frequently useful in nursing and general-science MCQs.

1. Practise Human Physiology More Than Once

Do not study the heart or kidney once and consider it finished.

A better revision cycle is:

Day 1 — Learn Day 3 — MCQ practice Day 7 — Revise Day 15 — Mixed test

This spaced-revision pattern helps retain information for longer.

15 High-Priority One-Line Biology Facts Cell is the basic unit of life. Mitochondria produce ATP. Ribosomes synthesize proteins. RBCs carry oxygen. Platelets help in clotting. SA node is the natural pacemaker. Alveoli are the main site of gas exchange. Small intestine absorbs most nutrients. Nephron is the functional unit of kidney. Cerebellum controls balance and coordination. Insulin lowers blood glucose. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy. Fertilisation usually occurs in the fallopian tube. Gene is the basic unit of heredity. Chloroplast is the main site of photosynthesis. Common Mistakes Biology Students Make

1. Memorising without understanding

This creates confusion when the same concept is asked differently.

1. Ignoring Human Physiology

For nursing-related exams, this can cost many marks.

1. Studying only questions without reading concepts

MCQs should be used to test knowledge, not completely replace theory.

1. Never revising wrong answers

Repeated mistakes usually come from concepts that were never properly corrected.

1. Confusing similar organs and hormones

Make comparison charts.

1. Ignoring basic Class 9–12 Biology concepts

Many entrance questions are built from fundamental school-level science.

Frequently Asked Questions Are these MCQs useful for ANM/GNM entrance exams?

Yes. The set contains high-value Human Biology, physiology, nutrition, reproduction and disease-related concepts useful for ANM/GNM preparation.

Are these questions useful for JENPAS-UG?

Yes. They are useful for fundamental revision, although JENPAS-UG candidates should also prepare the full Biology syllabus prescribed for their examination.

Are these MCQs useful for nursing entrance exams?

Yes. Human Anatomy, Physiology, Nutrition, Reproduction and basic Microbiology are especially relevant for nursing entrance preparation.

Which Biology chapter is most important for nursing exams?

Human Physiology is one of the most important broad areas.

Focus especially on:

Blood Heart Respiration Digestion Kidney Nervous system Hormones Reproduction. How many Biology MCQs should I solve daily?

A practical target is around 30–50 high-quality MCQs daily, followed by careful review of mistakes.

Should I learn answers only?

No.

For every MCQ, remember at least one concept or reason behind the answer.

For example:

Question: Which chamber has the thickest wall? Answer: Left ventricle.

Concept:

The left ventricle must generate high pressure to pump blood through systemic circulation.

That concept can solve several related questions.

Final Words

Biology can become one of the highest-scoring areas in ANM/GNM, JENPAS-UG and nursing entrance examinations when candidates combine concept learning with regular MCQ practice.

The 50 questions above cover:

Cell Biology Blood and Heart Respiration Digestion Kidney Nervous System Hormones Vitamins Reproduction Genetics Plant Biology Microbiology

For better preparation, use the following pattern:

Learn → Solve MCQs → Analyse Mistakes → Revise → Take Mixed Tests

Do not focus only on how many questions you solve.

Focus on how many concepts you can remember and apply correctly in the exam.

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